During Pregnancyĭuring pregnancy, there are screening tests (also called prenatal tests,) to check for birth defects and other conditions. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome may be diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after the baby is born. Read more about CDC’s work on causes and risk factors » Diagnosis These types of heart defects also are thought to be caused by a combination of genes and other risk factors, such as things the mother comes in contact with in the environment or what the mother eats or drinks or the medicines the mother uses. Some babies have heart defects because of changes in their genes or chromosomes. The causes of heart defects such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome among most babies are unknown. Learn more about how to prevent birth defects » Causes and Risk Factors Such steps include taking a daily multivitamin with folic acid (400 micrograms), not smoking, and not drinking alcohol during pregnancy. Women can take steps before and during pregnancy to reduce the risk of having a baby born with birth defects. 1 In other words, about 1 out of every 3,841 babies born in the United States each year is born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that each year about 1,025 babies in the United States are born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Learn more about how the heart works » Occurrence However, among babies with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, when these openings close, it becomes hard for oxygen-rich blood to get to the rest of the body. The right side of the heart then pumps blood to both the lungs and the rest of the body. During the first few days of life for a baby with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the oxygen-rich blood bypasses the poorly functioning left side of the heart through the patent ductus arteriosus and the patent foramen ovale. In babies with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the left side of the heart cannot pump oxygen-rich blood to the body properly. Normally, these openings will close a few days after birth. When a baby is growing in a mother’s womb during pregnancy, there are two small openings between the left and right sides of the heart: the patent ductus arteriosus and the patent foramen ovale. The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. In a baby without a congenital heart defect, the right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs. Often, babies with hypoplastic left heart syndrome also have an atrial septal defect, which is a hole between the left and right upper chambers (atria) of the heart.The ascending portion of the aorta is underdeveloped or is too small.The aortic valve is not formed or is very small.The mitral valves is not formed or is very small. ![]() ![]() The left ventricle is underdeveloped and too small.Hypoplastic left heart syndrome affects a number of structures on the left side of the heart that do not fully develop, for example: Because a baby with this defect needs surgery or other procedures soon after birth, HLHS is considered a critical congenital heart defect (CCHD). Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is one type of congenital heart defect. As the baby develops during pregnancy, the left side of the heart does not form correctly. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart. Hypoplastic (pronounced hi-puh-PLAS-tik) left heart syndrome or HLHS is a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart.
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